Vietnam’s perception of China is nuanced and complex, a mixture of challenge and
opportunity. Given its geographic proximity and overwhelming power, China
represents a permanent strategic challenge Vietnam cannot escape. However, the two
countries are partners in the defence of socialist ideals and communist rule. These
circumstances have clearly shaped Vietnam’s China policy, which is a mixture of
cooperation and struggle. Vietnam’s strategy is not about confronting China directly
but finding a way to live with and benefit from its power.
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